3D and 4D Seismic Data Integration in Static and Dynamic Reservoir Modeling: A Review

Reservoir modeling is the process of generating numerical representations of reservoir conditions and properties on the basis of geological, geophysical, and engineering data measured on the Earth’s surface or in depth at a limited number of borehole locations. Therefore, reservoir modeling requires an incorporation of the data from a variety of sources, along with an integration of knowledge and skills from various disciplines. In particular, recent advances in 3D and time-lapse 4D seismic data acquisition, processing, and quantitative interpretation have led to an increasing use of seismic data in the reservoir modeling processes. This paper provides an overview of static and dynamic reservoir modeling and outlines the key roles of 3D and time-lapse 4D seismic data in reservoir characterization and model building/updating processes. The review focuses on the methods, workflows, and challenges in the incorporation of 3D/4D seismic data into the static and dynamic reservoir model building/updating processes.